Interannual Variability and Trends in Sea Surface Temperature, Lower and Middle Atmosphere Temperature at Different Latitudes for 1980–2019

The influence of sea-surface temperature (SST) on the lower troposphere and stratosphere in tropical, middle, polar latitudes is studied for 1980–2019 based MERRA2, ERA5, Met Office reanalysis data, numerical modeling with a chemistry-climate model (CCM) middle atmosphere. variability SST analyzed according to ERA5 while atmospheric investigated MERRA2 data. Analysis sea surface trends data revealed that significant positive trend about 0.1 degrees per decade observed over globe. In Northern Hemisphere, (about 0.2 decade) 2 times higher than global average, 5 Southern Hemisphere 0.04 decade). At latitudes, opposite are Arctic (positive) Antarctic (negative). impact El Niño Oscillation phenomenon atmosphere Hemispheres discussed. To assess relative SST, CO2, other greenhouse gases’ stratosphere, calculations CCM were performed several scenarios accounting carbon dioxide variability. results experiments demonstrated prevails troposphere, an increase CO2 content plays most important role.